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Common Eye and Vision Problems

Amblyopia

an amblyopic eye often refrerred to as a lazy eye has  reduced vision. Often there is no known reason.

Astigmatism

error of refraction, which prevents light from coming to a point of focus on the retina.Usally caused when the cornea (FRONT SURFACE) of the eye is shaped like a rugbyball whereas it should be like a football.  Results in blurred vision.

Cataract

the partial or complete loss of transparency of the lens.The eye’s internal lens becomes misty which prevents light from reaching the back of the eye and therefore interrupts vision.

Cerebral visual impairment

visual difficulty caused by damage to the visual cortex or visual pathways. Can be associated with the learning disability or acquired through brain damage.

Cortical visual impairment

visual difficulty caused by damage to the visual cortex or visual pathways.  Also known as cerebral visual impairment.  Can be associated with the learning disability or acquired through brain damage.

Coloboma

normally a developmental defect of the iris (and other parts of the eye) which makes the pupil look keyhole shaped.

Corneal Opacities

loss of transparency of the cornea (the front surface of the eye). Resulting in impairment of vision.

Glaucoma

an eye disease associated with increased pressure within the eye,which can cause damage to the retina initially often causing loss of peripheral vision.  Eye pressure may be tested during an EYE EXAMINATION often using a machine, which fires a puff of air against the eye and records the internal eye pressure.A test of the visual fields is also normally carried out.Its important to have a regular eyetest especially if there is a family history of glaucoma

Hypermetropia (farsighted or longsighted)

inability to focus on near objects which will appear blurred. Usually corrected by glasses.

Kerataconus

occurs when the cornea thins causing the central part of the cornea to bulge forwards in the shape of a cone.

Microphthalmus

underdevelopment of the eyes, the eyeball is abnormally small and often deeply set in the orbit.

Monocular vision

consequence of either having vision in one eye only or of a long standing squint.

Myopia

inability to focus on distant objects which will appear blurred. Usually corrected by glasses or contact lenses.

Nystagmus

involuntary repetitive movement of the eyes. Caused by poor vision or by muscle defects.

Presbyopia 

The inability to focus on close objects such as reading material,caused by the hardening of the internal lens making it difficult for the lens to reshape (increase power) when trying to focus close up. Known as loss of accommodation, usually occurs after the age of 40. First signs are pushing away reading matter to focus clearly. Can be corrected with reading glasses

Reduced Visual field

·                     Central vision, loss of: central vision is used in tasks like reading and facial recognition.

·                     Peripheral vision, loss of: peripheral vision is used in tasks like mobility and in identifying movement and the approach of people and objects.

Strabismus

another name for a squint.  Refers to eyes that are not straight.

 

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